Keepalived + Zabbix 主备架构：VIP: 192.168.1.100 (Zabbix Web访问地址和Server API地址)
主机 (Active)
IP: 192.168.1.10
Keepalived MASTER
Zabbix Server
Zabbix Web
MariaDB Master
备机 (Backup)
IP: 192.168.1.11
Keepalived BACKUP
Zabbix Server
Zabbix Web
MariaDB Slave
前提条件两台服务器：主机 (192.168.1.10) 和 备机 (192.168.1.11)共享虚拟IP (VIP)：192.168.1.100确保两台服务器时间同步 (使用NTP)相同的操作系统环境###各组件部署方案参考：超详细 | 如何在OpenEuler系统下安装Zabbix 7.2？
部署步骤步骤1：数据库主从复制 (MariaDB/MySQL)在主机上 (192.168.1.10): Bash# 编辑MariaDB配置文件sudo vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf# 添加以下内容：[mysqld]server-id=1log-bin=mysql-binbinlog-format=ROWbinlog-do-db=zabbix 在备机上 (192.168.1.11): Bash# 编辑MariaDB配置文件sudo vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf# 添加以下内容：[mysqld]server-id=2relay-log=mysql-relay-binread-only=1replicate-do-db=zabbix 在主机上创建复制用户： SQLCREATE USER 'replica'@'192.168.1.11' IDENTIFIED BY 'StrongPassword123!';GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replica'@'192.168.1.11';FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 在备机上配置主从复制： SQLCHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.1.10',MASTER_USER='replica',MASTER_PASSWORD='StrongPassword123!',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=XXX; -- 从主机执行 SHOW MASTER STATUS; 获取具体值START SLAVE;
步骤2：在两台服务器上安装ZabbixZabbix服务端安装（二选一方案）方案A：源码编译安装（推荐）Bash# 安装依赖dnf install gcc make libevent-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel mysql-devel -y# 下载源码wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/7.2/zabbix-7.2.0.tar.gztar -zxvf zabbix-7.2.0.tar.gzcd zabbix-7.2.0# 编译安装./configure \--prefix=/app/zabbix \--enable-server \--enable-agent \--with-mysqlmake -j$(nproc)make install# 创建系统用户groupadd --system zabbixuseradd --system -g zabbix -d /app/zabbix -s /sbin/nologin zabbix
方案B：RPM仓库安装Bash# 添加Zabbix官方仓库rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.2/release/centos/9/noarch/zabbix-release-latest-7.2.el9.noarch.rpm# 安装核心组件dnf install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent -y
步骤3：配置Zabbix在主机上配置Zabbix数据库连接： Bashsudo vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf# 修改以下参数：DBHost=localhostDBName=zabbixDBUser=zabbixDBPassword=YourZabbixDBPassword 在备机上配置Zabbix数据库连接： Bashsudo vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf# 修改以下参数：DBHost=localhostDBName=zabbixDBUser=zabbixDBPassword=YourZabbixDBPassword# 添加以下参数禁用数据收集（备机只做热备）StartPollers=0StartPollersUnreachable=0StartPingers=0 Web前端配置（两台服务器相同）： Bashsudo vi /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php在两台服务器上安装Keepalived：
Bashsudo dnf install keepalived -y 在主机上 (192.168.1.10) 配置Keepalived： Bashsudo vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_script chk_zabbix {script "/usr/bin/pgrep zabbix_server"interval 2weight 50}vrrp_script chk_httpd {script "/usr/bin/pgrep httpd"interval 2weight 50}vrrp_instance VI_1 {state MASTERinterface ens33 # 使用实际网卡名virtual_router_id 51priority 200 # 主机优先级更高authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass kylin123}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.1.100/24 dev ens33 # VIP配置}track_script {chk_zabbixchk_httpd}notify_master "/etc/keepalived/master.sh"notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/backup.sh"notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/fault.sh"} 在备机上 (192.168.1.11) 配置Keepalived： Bashsudo vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_script chk_zabbix {script "/usr/bin/pgrep zabbix_server"interval 2weight 50}vrrp_script chk_httpd {script "/usr/bin/pgrep httpd"interval 2weight 50}vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUPinterface ens33virtual_router_id 51priority 100 # 备机优先级较低authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass kylin123}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.1.100/24 dev ens33}track_script {chk_zabbixchk_httpd}notify_master "/etc/keepalived/master.sh"notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/backup.sh"notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/fault.sh"} 创建状态切换脚本（两台服务器相同）： Bashsudo mkdir /etc/keepalived/scriptssudo vi /etc/keepalived/master.sh#!/bin/bash# 当此服务器成为MASTER时执行systemctl start zabbix-serversystemctl start httpdsystemctl start mariadbexit 0sudo vi /etc/keepalived/backup.sh#!/bin/bash# 当此服务器成为BACKUP时执行systemctl stop zabbix-serversystemctl stop httpdsystemctl stop mariadbexit 0sudo vi /etc/keepalived/fault.sh#!/bin/bash# 当发生故障时执行logger "Keepalived进入FAULT状态"exit 0# 设置脚本权限sudo chmod +x /etc/keepalived/*.sh
步骤5：启动服务在两台服务器上： Bash# 启动Keepalivedsudo systemctl enable keepalivedsudo systemctl start keepalived# 启动Zabbix服务（注意：备机上会自动停止）sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpdsudo systemctl start zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd
步骤6：验证高可用性检查VIP状态： Bash ip addr show ens33# 在主机上应该看到192.168.1.100 模拟故障转移： Bash # 在主机上停止Keepalivedsudo systemctl stop keepalived# 在备机上检查VIP是否转移ip addr show ens33# 检查备机上Zabbix服务是否启动systemctl status zabbix-server 访问Web界面： http://192.168.1.100/zabbix 验证数据库复制状态： SQL # 在备机上执行SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G# 确保Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是Yes
故障排除VIP不漂移：检查防火墙是否允许VRRP协议：
Bash sudo firewall-cmd --add-protocol=vrrp --permanentsudo firewall-cmd --reload
验证两台服务器是否在同一个二层网络检查keepalived.conf中的virtual_router_id是否一致且唯一 数据库复制中断：检查主从状态：SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G修复复制错误：
SQL STOP SLAVE;SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER = 1;START SLAVE; Zabbix服务不自动启动/停止：检查脚本权限：chmod +x /etc/keepalived/*.sh查看Keepalived日志：journalctl -u keepalived
维护建议定期备份： Bash # 备份Zabbix配置mysqldump -u zabbix -p zabbix > zabbix_backup_$(date +%F).sql 监控Keepalived集群：在Zabbix中添加对两台服务器和VIP的监控设置告警规则（VIP切换、服务状态变化）升级流程： 1. 在备机上停止Keepalived2. 升级备机上的Zabbix3. 手动切换VIP到备机4. 升级原主机上的Zabbix5. 恢复主备关系
此方案确保了Zabbix服务的高可用性，当主机故障时，VIP会自动漂移到备机，同时备机上的Zabbix服务会自动启动接管工作。数据库主从复制保证了数据的实时同步。
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